David D. Pendergast, Ph.D.
Stewart Hen
Jonathan S. Leff
Manuel A. Navia, Ph.D.
Harry H. Penner, Jr.
John P. Richard
Jonathan D. Root, M.D.
Michael S. Wyzga

David D. Pendergast, Ph.D.

David D. Pendergast, Ph.D. was appointed our Executive Chairman in February 2008 and serves as Chairman of our Board of Directors, a position he has held since November 2007 after having served as a member of our board of directors since November 2006. Dr. Pendergast was formerly the President, Human Genetics Therapies at Shire Pharmaceuticals plc, and has more than 30 years of experience in pharmaceutical development and corporate operations. In his position at Shire, Dr. Pendergast was responsible for the discovery, development, manufacture and commercialization of protein therapeutics. He was also a member of Shire’s Management Committee, which reports to the board of the directors and is responsible for strategic direction, corporate governance and operational performance. Prior to joining Shire, Dr. Pendergast served as Chief Executive Officer of Transkaryotic Therapies, Inc. (acquired by Shire in 2005), where he managed the company during the acquisition; Chief Operating Officer, where he oversaw operational functions ranging from discovery to commercialization of protein therapies; and Executive Vice President, Technical Operations, where he was responsible for manufacturing, process development, quality, and engineering. Dr. Pendergast was also previously Vice President of Product Development and Quality at Biogen Inc. (now Biogen Idec) and held senior positions at Fisons Ltd. Pharmaceutical Division and at The Upjohn Company (now part of Pfizer). He holds a Ph.D. in Pharmacy and M.S. in Chemistry from University of Wisconsin and a B.A. in Chemistry/Math from Western Michigan University.

Stewart Hen

Stewart J. Hen has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2004. Mr. Hen has been with Warburg Pincus, LLC, a venture capital and private equity firm, since May 2000 and is currently a managing director, where he focuses on investments in the life sciences sector, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, specialty pharmaceuticals, drug delivery and diagnostics. Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, he was a management consultant at McKinsey & Company, where he advised pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies on a range of strategic management issues. Prior to joining McKinsey, he worked at Merck in research and development and manufacturing. Mr. Hen is also a director of Allos Therapeutics, Inc., Neurogen Corporation and Rib-X Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and is a former director of The Medicines Company, Triangle Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Synaptic Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Mr. Hen also serves on the Health Care & Sciences Group of the New York City Investment Fund. Mr. Hen holds an M.B.A. from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, an M.S. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware.

Jonathan S. Leff

Jonathan S. Leff has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2004. Mr. Leff has been a managing director at Warburg Pincus, LLC since January 2000. Mr. Leff is responsible for Warburg Pincus' North American investment activities in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and related industries. Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, Mr. Leff was a consultant at Oliver, Wyman & Co. Mr. Leff is a director of Allos Therapeutics, Inc., Neurogen Corporation, InterMune, Inc., Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and ZymoGenetics, Inc. Mr. Leff received an A.B. in government from Harvard College and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.

Manuel A. Navia, Ph.D.

Manuel A. Navia, Ph.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since December 1992 and is also a member of our scientific advisory board. Dr. Navia is a drug discovery and development advisor to a number of pharmaceutical companies in the Boston area. Dr. Navia is an Executive-in-Residence at Oxford Bioscience Partners, a venture capital firm. Dr. Navia was also a member of the Advisory Council of the Officer of AIDS Research at the National Institutes of Health, where he chaired the Therapeutic Research Working Group. From 1989 to 1997, Dr. Navia served as Vice President and Senior Scientist at Vertex. From January 2001 to March 2003, Dr. Navia was Executive Vice President for Research at Essential Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Navia was a founder of The Althexis Company in 1997, and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer until January 2001. Dr. Navia holds a Ph.D. and an M.S. in biophysics from the University of Chicago and a B.A. in physics from New York University.

Harry H. Penner, Jr.

Harry H. Penner, Jr. joined as a member of our board of directors in April 2006. Mr. Penner is Chairman & CEO of Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and has 28 years of increasing management responsibilities in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. Prior to co-founding Marinus, Mr. Penner served as Chairman & CEO of Nascent BioScience, LLC, a firm engaged in the creation and development of new biotechnology companies. From 1993 to 2001, he was President, Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of Neurogen Corporation. Previously, he served as Executive Vice President of Novo Nordisk A/S and President of Novo Nordisk of North America, Inc. from 1988 to 1993. From 1985 to 1988 he was Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Novo Nordisk A/S. He has served more recently as BioScience Advisor to the Governor and the State of Connecticut, as Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Connecticut Technology Council, as Co-Chairman of Connecticut United for Research Excellence, and as Director of the Connecticut Business and Industry Associates. He currently serves on the Boards of Avant Immunotherapeutics, Inc. and Ikonisys, Inc. and chairs the Board of Rib-X Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Mr. Penner holds a BA from the University of Virginia, a JD from Fordham University, and an LLM, International Law from New York University.

John P. Richard

John P. Richard served as chairman of our board of directors between October 2004 and November 2007. Mr. Richard has served as an independent strategic and commercial development advisor in the biotechnology industry since April 1999. He currently serves as a Senior Business Advisor to GPC Biotech AG, a biotechnology company, as a partner of Georgia Venture Partners, a biotechnology investing firm, and as a consultant to Nomura Phase4 Ventures. He also serves as a director of Targacept, Inc., Zygogen, LLC, and Metastatix, Inc. Mr. Richard was previously Executive Vice President, Business Development at SEQUUS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., where he was responsible for negotiating the acquisition of SEQUUS by ALZA Corporation. Prior to joining SEQUUS, Mr. Richard held the positions of Vice President, Corporate Development for VIVUS, Inc. and Senior Vice President, Business Development of Genome Therapeutics Corporation, where he was responsible for establishing numerous pharmaceutical alliances. He was also co-founder and original Chief Executive Officer of IMPATH Laboratories, Inc., a leading cancer pathology reference laboratory in the United States. Mr. Richard received his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and his B.S. from Stanford University.

Jonathan D. Root, M.D.

Jonathan D. Root, M.D. has served as a member of our board of directors since September 2001. Having joined U.S. Venture Partners, a venture capital firm, in July 1995, Dr. Root is presently a general partner and focuses on investments in therapeutic medical devices, diagnostics, drug discovery tools and services, and biopharmaceutical development. Prior to joining U.S. Venture Partners, Dr. Root spent nine years in clinical practice, most recently on the faculty and clinical staff at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center in New York City, where he was an Assistant Professor of Neurology and Director of the Neurology-Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit. Dr. Root serves on the board of directors of CryoVascular Systems, Inc., MicroVention, Inc., Proteolix, Inc., and Raven Biotechnologies, Inc. Dr. Root holds an A.B. in economics/government from Dartmouth College, an M.D. from the University of Florida College of Medicine, and an M.B.A. from Columbia University.

Michael S. Wyzga

Michael S. Wyzga has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2004. Mr. Wyzga is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Genzyme Corporation, a biotechnology company. Mr. Wyzga joined Genzyme Corp. as Vice President and Corporate Controller in March 1998, was promoted to Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller in December 1998, and to Chief Financial Officer in June 1999. Mr. Wyzga became an Executive Vice President of Genzyme Corp. in June 2003 and is responsible for its global financial reporting. Prior to joining Genzyme, Mr. Wyzga was Chief Financial Officer for Sovereign Hill Software, Inc. Prior to his role at Sovereign Hill Software, Mr. Wyzga was the Chief Financial Officer for CacheLink Corporation, and prior to that, Mr. Wyzga held various management positions at Lotus Development Corporation, including Vice President of Finance and Director of Plans and Controls. Prior to joining Lotus, Mr. Wyzga held management positions at Digital Equipment Corporation. Mr. Wyzga received an M.B.A. in business administration from Providence College and a B.S. in business administration from Suffolk University.